Fire fighting systems detect, control, and extinguish fires using a combination of automated and manual components to protect lives, property, and the environment. Key components include alarms, smoke detectors, sprinkler systems, fire hoses, and various suppression agents like water, gas, foam, or dry powder. These systems can be fixed or portable, with fixed systems automatically activating upon fire detection in high-risk areas, while manual systems like fire extinguishers and hoses provide immediate response.
Sprinkler Systems : Networks of pipes with sprinkler heads that automatically release water when a specific temperature is reached.
Fire Hoses and Hydrants : Provide a water supply to fight fires manually.
*Fire Detection : A fire generates heat, raising the ambient temperature. Heat-Sensitive Activation: When the temperature around a specific sprinkler head reaches its activation point (e.g., 155°F or 68°C), the glass bulb or fusible link breaks. Water Discharge: The broken component releases the plug holding back the water from the pipe.
*Water Distribution : The released water sprays out through the sprinkler head and is directed by a deflector to cover a specific area.
Fire Suppression : The water directly targets the fire, cooling the fuel and reducing flames.
*Water Supply : The system is connected to a city's main water supply or a private water storage facility.
Pressurization : Fire pumps may be used to maintain sufficient water pressure throughout the network.
*Distribution : Water flows through a network of underground pipes to strategically placed hydrants.
*Access : Firefighters attach hoses to the hydrant outlets, which are designed to provide a controlled release of water.
*Application : Water is then pumped from the hydrants and sprayed onto the fire.